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  Name-Manav Nimish Kothari PRN-23UF18402AC019 Trigonometry: The Jya and Cojya in Indian Mathematics — A Journey into Ancient Genius   Introduction — Where Angles Meet Eternity Long before trigonometry became the heart of modern mathematics, ancient Indian scholars had already unlocked its mysteries. They introduced concepts called Jya (Sine) and Cojya (Cosine) — terms rooted in Sanskrit and astronomy. These ideas bridged geometry, observation, and philosophy, revealing how India’s early mathematicians connected the cosmos with computation.   The Birth of Jya and Cojya In modern trigonometry, the sine of an angle represents the ratio of the opposite side to the hypotenuse. But in ancient India, mathematicians didn’t deal with triangles — they studied circles. Jya (or Ardha-jya) meant half the chord of an arc — the earliest form of sine. Cojya (Kojya or Kotijya) represented the complementary arc, the ancestor of the modern cosine. The g...

  Email Security: Concepts, Threats, Mechanisms and Best Practices Introduction: In today’s connected world, email is the primary mode of business and personal communication. However, it has also become one of the most exploited vectors for cyberattacks. Email security involves protecting email accounts, content, and communications against unauthorized access, loss, or compromise. In this blog, we’ll explore the concepts, threats, mechanisms, and best practices of email security. What is Email Security? Email security refers to the techniques and technologies used to safeguard email communication from threats such as phishing, spam, malware, and unauthorized access. The main goal of email security is to ensure: Confidentiality – Only authorized users can read the message. Integrity – The message is not altered during transmission. Authentication – The sender and recipient are verified. Availability – Email services remain accessible and ...